Denver County, CO climate risk
FEMA rates none of the 7 reviewed hazards as Very High in Denver County, CO. Modeled losses from natural hazards (expected annual loss) average about $222 million a year, for a population of 715,210. These county figures come from the FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025 release. Observation windows vary by metric and sit beside the tables below.
- Modeled expected annual loss
- $222.0 million / year
- US loss rank
- #114 of 3,232
- State loss rank
- #2 of 64
- Loss per resident
- $310 · state $361 · US $459
- FEMA overall risk rating
- Relatively High
Colorado county modeled loss
- Positive estimates to $4.6 million
- Above $4.6 million to $8.9 million
- Above $8.9 million to $16.6 million
- Above $16.6 million to $34.7 million
- Above $34.7 million to $231.4 million
- No FEMA estimate
Denver County, CO ranks #2 of 64 in the state for modeled expected annual loss; the outline locates it.
View chart data
Is Denver County at risk of flooding?
FEMA labels riverine flooding Relatively High and coastal flooding Not Applicable. Modeled annual riverine flood loss is $93,602,212; coastal flood loss is Not Applicable. These are separate hazards and county totals. A rating describes relative county risk. It does not locate water at a building or establish a flood zone. Read missing statuses using the source documentation. Keep both source labels when comparing counties. Read the county rating versus flood-zone guide before requesting a location check.
What natural hazards affect Denver County most?
Show tabular data
| County | Modeled expected annual loss (USD/year) | Overall risk rating |
|---|---|---|
| Denver County, CO | 221,992,551.14 | Relatively High |
Show tabular data
| Hazard | Source label | Observation window |
|---|---|---|
| Coastal flooding | Not Applicable | 1996-2023 |
| Riverine flooding | Relatively High | 1996-2023 |
| Hurricane | Not Applicable | 1851-2024 |
| Wildfire | Very Low | 1996-2023 |
| Earthquake | Relatively Moderate | 1996-2023 |
| Tornado | Relatively High | 1950-2023 |
| Heat wave | Relatively Low | 2005-2024 |
How have heat and rain changed in Denver County?
Hot days
Hot days increased between the two decades.
View chart data
| Place | Days / year |
|---|---|
| 1991–2000 | 0.50 |
| 2016–2025 | 2.90 |
Warm nights
Warm nights round to 0.0 in both decades; hollow marks confirm the zero state.
View chart data
| Place | Days / year |
|---|---|
| 1991–2000 | 0.00 |
| 2016–2025 | 0.00 |
Heavy-precipitation days
Heavy-precipitation days increased between the two decades.
View chart data
| Place | Days / year |
|---|---|
| 1991–2000 | 0.00 |
| 2016–2025 | 0.10 |
Humid-heat days
Humid-heat days round to 0.0 in both decades; hollow marks confirm the zero state.
View chart data
| Place | Days / year |
|---|---|
| 1991–2000 | 0.00 |
| 2016–2025 | 0.00 |
| Measure | 1991–2000 | 2016–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot days · ≥35°C (95°F) | 0.5 | 2.9 | +2.4 |
| Humid-heat days · heat index ≥103°F (39.4°C) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Warm nights · ≥24°C (75.2°F) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Heavy-rain days · ≥50 mm (≈2 in) | 0.0 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
| Annual maximum daily precipitation · mm | 23.0 | 28.3 | +5.3 |
Counts are days per year; a grid-cell zero does not mean the county had no such events. Thresholds, time bases and limits: county climate method.
Methodology & sensor cross-check notes
Hot-day cross-check: NOAA’s county-average daily maximum temperature gives 7.1 → 16.5 hot days a year (+9.4); NASA gives 0.5 → 2.9 (+2.4). Both series show an increase, with different counts and change sizes. The footprints differ, so agreement does not validate either count. Warm nights and precipitation were not cross-checked. Humid-heat row: Copernicus (ECMWF) reanalysis. It uses a different regional grid from the NASA measures.
No statistical significance, cause or future trend is established; this does not change the FEMA ratings above.
Climate data: NASA · Population context: US Census Bureau · Hot-day cross-check: NOAA county climate records · Humid heat: Copernicus (ECMWF). Method, sources and limitations · Climate JSON · Data credits.
{"fips":"08031","name":"Denver","state":"Colorado","annual":[{"year":1991,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":21.74},{"year":1992,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":31.69},{"year":1993,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":19.08},{"year":1994,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":11.61},{"year":1995,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":27.93},{"year":1996,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":26.48},{"year":1997,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":29.02},{"year":1998,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":15.27},{"year":1999,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":27.99},{"year":2000,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":18.85},{"year":2001,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":3,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":20.79},{"year":2002,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":3,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":11.51},{"year":2003,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":6,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":36.54},{"year":2004,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":22.04},{"year":2005,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":6,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":26.78},{"year":2006,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":27.12},{"year":2007,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":36.34},{"year":2008,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":25.19},{"year":2009,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":37.53},{"year":2010,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":20.04},{"year":2011,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":21.86},{"year":2012,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":7,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":21.16},{"year":2013,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":42.16},{"year":2014,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":21.16},{"year":2015,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":null,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":24.81},{"year":2016,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":28.78},{"year":2017,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":0,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":29.97},{"year":2018,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":17.74},{"year":2019,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":24.83},{"year":2020,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":1,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":22.23},{"year":2021,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":4,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":23.24},{"year":2022,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":4,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":22.91},{"year":2023,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":2,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":1,"annual_max_rain":57.21},{"year":2024,"valid_days":366,"hot_days":6,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":28.68},{"year":2025,"valid_days":365,"hot_days":7,"humid_heat_days":0,"warm_nights":0,"heavy_rain_days":0,"annual_max_rain":26.92}],"metrics":{"hot_days":{"baseline":0.5,"recent":2.9,"delta":2.4},"humid_heat_days":{"baseline":0,"recent":0,"delta":0},"warm_nights":{"baseline":0,"recent":0,"delta":0},"heavy_rain_days":{"baseline":0,"recent":0.1,"delta":0.1},"annual_max_rain":{"baseline":22.966,"recent":28.251,"delta":5.285}},"crosscheck":{"metric":"hot_days","annual":[{"year":1991,"hot_days":4},{"year":1992,"hot_days":1},{"year":1993,"hot_days":3},{"year":1994,"hot_days":9},{"year":1995,"hot_days":16},{"year":1996,"hot_days":5},{"year":1997,"hot_days":6},{"year":1998,"hot_days":8},{"year":1999,"hot_days":2},{"year":2000,"hot_days":17},{"year":2016,"hot_days":9},{"year":2017,"hot_days":11},{"year":2018,"hot_days":21},{"year":2019,"hot_days":14},{"year":2020,"hot_days":24},{"year":2021,"hot_days":14},{"year":2022,"hot_days":22},{"year":2023,"hot_days":11},{"year":2024,"hot_days":20},{"year":2025,"hot_days":19}],"baseline":7.1,"recent":16.5,"delta":9.4,"agreement":"same direction"}}How does El Niño affect Denver County winters?
Strong El Niño winter precipitation
4 of 9 strong El Niño winters were wetter than normal. The vertical line marks 100% of normal precipitation.
View chart data
| Winter | Precipitation (% of normal) |
|---|---|
| 1957–58 | 87.465 |
| 1965–66 | 107.119 |
| 1972–73 | 115.045 |
| 1982–83 | 94.360 |
| 1991–92 | 66.264 |
| 1997–98 | 74.055 |
| 2009–10 | 95.609 |
| 2015–16 | 129.297 |
| 2023–24 | 168.279 |
NOAA and IRI both give 100% odds that El Niño conditions (tropical Pacific ONI of at least 0.5°C, not a local weather forecast) are present this winter. In Denver County, 4 of 9 past strong El Niño winters were wetter than normal; the median winter had 96% of normal precipitation (rain and melted snow). The driest, 1991–92, had 66%.
| Winter | ONI | Precipitation | Temp. | Heavy days | Claims |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1957–58 | 1.7 | 87% | +4.3°F | 0 | — |
| 1965–66 | 1.6 | 107% | −0.8°F | 0 | — |
| 1972–73 | 1.8 | 115% | −3.5°F | 0 | — |
| 1982–83 | 2.1 | 94% | +1.7°F | 0 | 0 |
| 1991–92 | 1.5 | 66% | +2.5°F | 0 | 0 |
| 1997–98 | 2.4 | 74% | +1.1°F | 0 | 0 |
| 2009–10 | 1.5 | 96% | −3.7°F | 0 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | 2.6 | 129% | +1.4°F | 0 | 0 |
| 2023–24 | 2.0 | 168% | +1.8°F | 0 | 0 |
Winter normals and temperature baseline
Denver County normals, 1990–91 to 2019–20 winters: 1.5 inches of precipitation (rain and melted snow) and 0.0 heavy days. Temperature is set against the county’s own winter trend of +0.2°F per decade since 1951–52.
Flood claims: December–February, from 1978 (— = before the data). The rank compares each winter with all 47 winters from 1978–79 to 2024–25 (#1 is the most claims; no rank is shown for 0 claims). The median winter had 0 claims; 0 of 6 strong winters in the data were above it. Insured exposure grew over time, so counts are not comparable across decades.
Past tendency is not a forecast and not a property-level finding. Before winter: four checks for property teams.
Sources: NOAA county climate records and Pacific climate assessments; FEMA National Flood Insurance Program claims. Method and limits · El Niño 2026–27.
What are the modeled losses by hazard?
From 1991–2000 to 2016–2025, hot days near Denver County changed from 0.5 to 2.9 per year. Heavy-rain days changed from 0.0 to 0.1. The table retains humid heat, warm nights and maximum daily rain. Compare the periods alongside the source notes. These decade means describe past conditions; they do not predict a future year or establish a trend.
Denver County’s modeled loss across all hazards is $221,992,551 per year. The FEMA National Risk Index ranks the hazards below by modeled loss, not rating category.
Show tabular data
| Hazard | Total loss ($/yr) | Of which buildings ($/yr) | Observation window |
|---|---|---|---|
| All hazards (composite) | $221,992,551 | $189,456,196 | 1996-2023 |
| Riverine flooding | $93,602,212 | $93,548,010 | 1996-2023 |
| Tornado | $28,038,780 | $18,898,077 | 1950-2023 |
| Earthquake | $7,368,625 | $5,034,993 | 1996-2023 |
| Heat wave | $1,180,622 | Not published | 2005-2024 |
| Wildfire | $105,032 | $91,176 | 1996-2023 |
| Coastal flooding | Not available | Not available | 1996-2023 |
| Hurricane | Not available | Not available | 1851-2024 |
These modeled county totals do not estimate property losses, insurance inputs or forecasts. Do not multiply them by location counts.
Reuse this chart

What is exposed in Denver County?
Population and asset values show the scale behind county losses. These county totals are exposure measures, not loss figures.
Show tabular data
| Measure | Value | Observation window |
|---|---|---|
| Resident population | 715,210 | 2020-2020 |
| Building replacement value | $135,930,239,737 | 2020-2020 |
| Agricultural market value | $2,014,097 | 2022-2022 |
What do vulnerability and resilience show?
These relative rankings describe susceptibility to hazard impacts and capacity to recover. They measure no individual asset or outcome.
Show tabular data
| Measure | Score | Observation window |
|---|---|---|
| Social vulnerability index | 17.8 | 2020-2020 |
| Community resilience index | 68.5 | 2020-2020 |
Denver County in the state and national rankings
For Denver County, FEMA’s modeled annual loss totals about $222.0 million; its US rank is #114 of 3,232. A #2 of 64 state ranking accompanies its 10.7% share of the Colorado loss total. About $222.0 million is the modeled yearly average over the long run, rather than a one-year prediction. Jefferson County, CO ranks immediately above it, with about $231.4 million in modeled annual loss. Montgomery County, TX ranks immediately below it, with about $221.9 million in modeled annual loss. The nearest higher state total is about $231.4 million, recorded for Jefferson County, CO. That puts the estimates about $9.4 million apart, with 11.1% of state loss in the comparison county. The nearest lower state total is about $212.6 million, recorded for El Paso County, CO. That puts the estimates about $9.4 million apart, with 10.2% of state loss in the comparison county.
County hazard loss mix
Riverine Flood leads the modeled expected annual loss mix; bar lengths share a zero baseline.
View chart data
| Hazard | USD / year | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Riverine Flood | 93,602,212.30 | 42.2% |
| Hail | 72,449,911.64 | 32.6% |
| Tornado | 28,038,779.78 | 12.6% |
| Cold Wave | 10,083,528.35 | 4.5% |
| Earthquake | 7,368,624.64 | 3.3% |
| Lightning | 4,445,012.10 | 2.0% |
| Other | 6,004,482.32 | 2.7% |
National hazard loss ranks
Riverine Flood ranks #130 of 3,232 by modeled expected annual loss. Higher percentiles mean larger modeled losses.
View chart data
| Hazard | Rank | Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Riverine Flood | #130 of 3,232 US · #2 of 64 in CO | 96.01 |
| Hail | #4 of 3,225 US · #1 of 64 in CO | 99.91 |
| Tornado | #56 of 3,225 US · #1 of 64 in CO | 98.29 |
| Cold Wave | #189 of 3,232 US · #4 of 64 in CO | 94.18 |
| Earthquake | #271 of 3,232 US · #1 of 64 in CO | 91.65 |
| Lightning | #31 of 3,222 US · #6 of 64 in CO | 99.07 |
Modeled loss per resident
Denver has about $310 in modeled expected annual loss per resident. State and US values divide total loss by total population.
View chart data
| Place | USD / resident / year |
|---|---|
| Denver | 310.39 |
| Colorado | 360.72 |
| US | 459.35 |
Denver County hazard estimates
Riverine Flood
FEMA models about $93.6 million in expected annual loss from riverine flooding, placing the county #130 of 3,232 nationally. At 42.2% of the county’s modeled loss, the hazard places #2 of 64 statewide; FEMA assigns a Relatively High rating; for riverine flooding, 3 state counties and 186 US counties share that label.
Hail
The national loss rank for hail is #4 of 3,225, based on about $72.4 million in modeled expected annual loss. This hazard makes up 32.6% of the total; FEMA assigns a Very High rating, and its loss ranks #1 of 64 in Colorado; for hail, 4 state counties and 25 US counties share that label.
Tornado
With about $28.0 million in modeled expected annual loss from tornadoes, the county ranks #56 of 3,225 in the national comparison. This hazard makes up 12.6% of the total; FEMA assigns a Relatively High rating, and its loss ranks #1 of 64 in Colorado, matching 272 US counties, including 9 in Colorado, for this hazard.
Cold Wave
For cold waves, about $10.1 million in expected annual loss puts the county #189 of 3,232 across the US. This hazard makes up 4.5% of the total; FEMA assigns a Relatively High rating, and its loss ranks #4 of 64 in Colorado; the Relatively High label covers 6 state counties and 302 nationally for cold waves.
Earthquake
For earthquakes, about $7.4 million in expected annual loss puts the county #271 of 3,232 across the US. In Colorado, this estimate ranks #1 of 64 and represents 3.3% of the county’s modeled loss; FEMA assigns a Relatively Moderate rating; for earthquakes, 1 state county and 250 US counties share that label.
Lightning
For lightning, about $4.4 million in expected annual loss puts the county #31 of 3,222 across the US. This hazard makes up 2.0% of the total; FEMA assigns a Very High rating, and its loss ranks #6 of 64 in Colorado, matching 109 US counties, including 10 in Colorado, for this hazard.
About $21.2 million separates riverine flooding from hail in the local estimates, equivalent to 9.5 percentage points of county loss. About $44.4 million separates hail from tornadoes in the local estimates, equivalent to 20.0 percentage points of county loss. For tornadoes, modeled loss is about $18.0 million above cold waves, leaving 8.1 percentage points between their county shares. About $2.7 million separates cold waves from earthquakes in the local estimates, equivalent to 1.2 percentage points of county loss. For earthquakes, modeled loss is about $2.9 million above lightning, leaving 1.3 percentage points between their county shares.
Population and recorded values
FEMA counts 715,210 residents in Denver County, across about 156 square miles. For building value, the source records about $135.93 billion. FEMA lists about $2.0 million in agricultural value. Per resident, the modeled annual amount is about $310; the Colorado average is about $361. Its 12.4% share of state residents sits alongside 10.7% of of annual loss. The county contains 11.7% of the building value recorded across Colorado. Its population density ranks 1 within 64 Colorado counties that have both area and population estimates. The population-to-area ratio is about 4,576 residents per square mile; statewide it is about 55. The median county population in Colorado is about 15,093, compared with 715,210 locally. The county’s national shares are 0.2% for population and 0.1% for modeled loss. For comparison, the US modeled loss average is about $459 per resident; the county figure is about $310. The six hazards described above together make up 97.3% of modeled loss, about $216.0 million annually. Other hazards account for the remaining 2.7% of modeled loss, about $6.0 million. The county’s number 7 hazard by dollar loss is strong wind: about $4.1 million, with a state rank of #2 of 64. Its national loss rank is #100 of 3,225, and it represents 1.8% of the county’s modeled loss. The county’s number 8 hazard by dollar loss is heat waves: about $1.2 million, with a state rank of #4 of 64. Nationally, this estimate places #706 of 3,202; its share of the county’s modeled loss is 0.5%.
FEMA labels and risk score
Denver County has a FEMA risk index score of about 95.2, ranking #151 of 3,144 nationally. For risk index, FEMA assigns Relatively High; 2 counties in Colorado have that label. The expected annual loss rating is Relatively High, a label shared by 3 of 64 Colorado counties. FEMA labels social vulnerability as Very Low, matching 38 county records across Colorado. FEMA labels community resilience as Relatively High, matching 11 county records across Colorado. Within Colorado, the risk score places #1 of 64 and the dollar loss places #2 of 64. Both ratings match in 10 counties statewide: vulnerability is Very Low, and resilience is Relatively High. This county accounts for 28.4% of that group’s annual loss, while the group accounts for 37.6% across Colorado. With a score of about 94.9, Jefferson County, CO ranks #2 of 64 statewide, immediately below this county. FEMA gives that county a Relatively High risk index label, alongside 11.1% of the state loss total. Nationally, 625 counties carry the same Very Low social vulnerability label, covering 23.7% of FEMA’s recorded population. Nationally, 629 counties carry the same Relatively High community resilience label, covering 24.5% of FEMA’s recorded population. The county’s Very High group contains 2 hazards: hail, lightning. FEMA assigns Relatively High to 5 hazards here, covering cold waves, riverine flooding, strong wind, tornadoes, winter weather. The local Relatively Moderate hazard group contains 2 entries: earthquakes, landslides. Across the county’s hazard ratings, 1 carry Relatively Low: heat waves. Across the county’s hazard ratings, 4 carry Very Low: drought, ice storms, volcanic activity, wildfires.
What else should I know about Denver County?
What is the FEMA social vulnerability rating for Denver County?
FEMA assigns Denver County a Very Low social vulnerability rating.
Where does Denver County rank within Colorado?
Denver County ranks #2 of 64 for modeled expected annual loss.
How often were strong El Niño winters wetter in Denver County?
Denver County was wetter than normal in 4 of 9 strong El Niño winters.
Which hazard has the largest modeled loss in Denver County?
Riverine flooding leads Denver County, at about $93.6 million in modeled expected annual loss.
What does FEMA estimate for wildfires in Denver County?
Denver County has about $105,000 in modeled expected annual loss from wildfires, with a Very Low rating.
How large is Denver County?
FEMA records about 156 square miles for Denver County.
Where does Denver County rank nationally by loss?
Denver County places #114 of 3,232 for modeled expected annual loss.
Where next for Denver County?
See how the county compares across the state in Colorado natural hazard risk by county, download the FEMA county hazard data, or review the county climate risk data API and bulk files. Check the sources and what each measure can show on the methodology page.